| ProtocolFeatures | HSRP (Hot Standby Router protocol) | VRRP (Virtual Redundancy Router Protocol) | GLBP (Gateway Load Balancing Protocol) | |
| Router role | - 1 active router.- 1 standby router.- 1 or more listening routers. | - 1 master router.- 1 or more backup routers. | - 1 AVG (Active Virtual Gateway).- up to 4 AVF routers on the group (Active Virtual Forwarder) passing traffic.- up to 1024 virtual routers (GLBP groups) per physical interface. | |
| - Use virtual ip address. | - Can use real router ip address, if not, the one with highest priority become master. | - Use virtual ip address. | ||
| Scope | Cisco proprietary | IEEE standard | Cisco proprietary | |
| Election | Active Router: 1-Highest Priority 2-Highest IP (tiebreaker) | Master Router: (*) 1-Highest Priority 2-Highest IP (tiebreaker) | Active Virtual Gateway: 1-Highest Priority 2-Highest IP (tiebreaker) | |
| Optimization features | Tracking | yes | yes | yes |
| Preempt | yes | yes | yes | |
| Timer adjustments | yes | yes | yes | |
| Traffic type | 224.0.0.2 – udp 1985 (version1) 224.0.0.102-udp 1985 (version2) | 224.0.0.18 – IP 112 | 224.0.0.102 udp 3222 | |
| Timers | Hello – 3 seconds | Advertisement – 1 second | Hello – 3 seconds | |
| (Hold) 10 seconds | (Master Down Interval)3 * Advertisement + skew time | (Hold) 10 seconds | ||
| (Skew time)(256-priority) / 256 | ||||
| Load-balancing functionality | - Multiple HSRP group per interface/SVI/routed int. | - Multiple VRRP group per interface/SVI/routed int. | Load-balancing oriented- Weighted algorithm.- Host-dependent algorithm. - Round-Robin algorithm (default). | |
| Requires appropriate distribution of Virtual GW IP per Clients for optimal load-balancing.(generally through DHCP) | Requires appropriate distribution of Virtual GW IP per Clients for optimal load-balancing.(generally through DHCP) | Clients are transparently updated with virtual MAC according to load-balancing algorithm through ARP requesting a unique virtual gateway. | ||
* If the group VRRP Virtual IP on the master (higher priority) is the real IP configured on a different VRRP (Backup with lower priority) IOS will manage to make the VRRP router with the real IP, the master, by setting its priority to 255, knowing that the configurable range is [1-254].
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